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Digital Identity – Who you seem to be based on your online activity
Reflect – Think deeply about your behaviour
Intentional – Doing something on purpose, with care
Block – Stop someone from contacting you
Report – Tell an app or website that something’s wrong
Trusted Adult – A grown-up who will help you and keep you safe
Cyber Respect – Kindness and care when using the internet
Reputation – What people think of you based on your actions
Tone – The feeling behind your words
Private Information – Details about your life that should stay secret
Public Information – Things okay for everyone to see
Oversharing – Giving out too much information
Digital Footprint – A record of everything you do online
Permanent – Lasting and hard to remove
Online Identity – The version of you people see through the internet
Scene – A short part of a story, like in a play or video, created with actions and speech
Script – The plan or code you write to tell your sprite what to do
Loop – A piece of code that runs the same steps again and again
Repeat – A Scratch block that makes your sprite do something more than once
Costume – A different look or outfit for a sprite. It can show movement, mood, or action.
Sound Block – A command that tells the sprite to play a sound (like a pop, clap, or voice).
Sequence – A set of steps that happen in order, one after the other.
Wait – A block that tells your sprite to pause before doing the next step.
Sprite – A character or object you can control in Scratch. It follows your code.
Block – A coding piece that tells your sprite what to do, like move or speak.
Pattern – Something that repeats in a predictable way.
Loop – A coding shortcut that repeats a pattern of steps without writing them over and over.
Symbol – A picture or shape that shows a meaning (like an arrow = move)
Grid – A pattern of squares where you can move up, down, left or right
Sequence – A set of steps that must be done in the right order.
Symbol – A picture or shape that stands for something (like arrows for directions).
Algorithm – A list of instructions that helps you or a computer complete a task.
Instruction – A direction or step that tells someone what to do.
Pledge – A promise you make to yourself or others.
Author – A person who creates a story. You are the author of your digital footprint!
Permanent – Something that stays for a long time or can’t be undone easily.
Screenshot – A picture taken of what’s on a screen. Even deleted things can be saved this way.
Private – Something personal or sensitive that should only be shared with people you trust.
Footprint – A mark you leave behind. A digital footprint is the trail you leave online.
Digital Footprint – A record of everything you do on the internet. It’s like online footprints that follow you around.
Private – Something only meant for you or someone you choose to share it with. Not public.
Sprite-A character you control in Scratch
Sequence-The order blocks are placed in
Event-Something that starts the code (like a click)
Loop-A block that repeats an action
Debug-Finding and fixing a coding mistake
Rename – Give a file a better, clearer name
Save As – Save a new version with a different name
Search – A tool to help find files on a device
Scratch — A drag and drop programming language made by the Lifelong Kindergarten Group at MIT
Scratch Cat — Scratch’s mascot and default sprite.
Sprite — An object in Scratch which performs functions controlled by scripts
Blocks: Programming commands that you snap together to create a program in Scratch.
Algorithm: detailed step-by-step instruction set or formula for solving a problem or completing a task.
Sequence- A particular order in which things follow each other.
Coding- Computer language.
Sequencing is the specific order in which instructions are performed in an algorithm.
An important skill that programmers need is to be able to communicate with others, especially when they are working out what the program should do. They also need to be persistent when finding and fixing bugs. Bugs happen all the time in programming, so being able to identify where the bug occurs and problem solving how to fix it is incredibly important.
Safety: Actions to prevent damage or harm.
Care: Gentle and responsible use.
Shut down: Properly turning off a computer.
Hardware: The physical parts of a computer.
Software: Instructions or code that run on a computer.
CPU: The brain of the computer.
Did you know?
The first computers weren’t very fancy. One of the earliest examples was the abacus, invented in Babylon around 500 B.C. It was made of string and beads, and its main purpose was to count and keep track of money or goods.
Later, in the 1600s, two inventors created early calculators that used gears and wheels to perform simple mathematical tasks — an important step toward the computers we use today.
Processing: The computer’s thinking.
Storage: The computer’s memory.
Communication: Sending and receiving data between computers.
Input Device: Sends information to the computer.
Output Device: Receives information from the computer.
Cursor: The pointer moved by the mouse.
Device: A tool or machine made for a particular purpose.
Input: Information put into the computer.
Output: The result given by the computer.
Storage: A place where information is saved.
Software: Instructions that tell a computer what to do.
Let’s build a tiny game where:
🧠 Summary
Did you know
In Scratch, a “backdrop” refers to the background image displayed on the stage, essentially the scene or setting where your sprites (characters) interact; it’s like the scenery behind the actors in a play, and you can change it to set the mood or context of your project.
Did you know
The first version of Scratch was released in 2003? That means it’s over 20 years old!
Motion – Blocks that move your sprite
Looks – Blocks that change colours or size
Sound – Blocks that play music or effects
Extension – Extra features like music, pen, or video
Sprite – A character or object that follows your code
Stage – Where your project appears and plays
Block – A puzzle piece instruction
Script – A group of blocks joined together
Backdrop – The background on the Stage
Algorithm – A set of step-by-step instructions.
Sequence – The order in which instructions are followed.
ASCII – A code that turns letters into binary
Bit – One 0 or 1 in binary
Byte – A group of 8 bits (like in our bracelet)
Bot – A robot that follows instructions
Run – To follow the instructions in a program
Debug – To fix your program if something goes wrong
Communication: Sharing information between computers.
Network: Two or more computers linked together.
Wi-Fi: Wireless connection used to communicate.
CPU: The part of the computer that processes and thinks.
RAM: Short-term memory used while the computer is working.
Storage: Where files and information are saved.
Output Device: A tool that gives information back from the computer.
Monitor: A screen that displays information.
Printer: A machine that produces paper copies of work from the computer.
Input Device: Any tool that gives information to a computer.
Scanner: A device that copies paper documents into the computer.
Touchscreen: A screen you can control by touching it directly.
CPU: The main chip that makes decisions.
Input: Giving information to the computer.
Output: Getting results from the computer.
Storage: Saving files and data.
Communication: Sharing data between computers.
Remember
The opposite (inverse) of division is multiplication.
Example: 6 × 5 = 30 so we know that 30 ÷ 5 = 6.
When we estimate, we make a good guess based on what we know.
To estimate an answer, we round numbers off to make them easier to work with. For example, 598 ÷ 3 is not easy to calculate. If we round up 598 to 600, the calculation is much easier.
We know that 6 ÷ 3 = 2. So 600 ÷ 3 = 200.
We know that the answer to 598 ÷ 3 will be close to 20
Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)
‘Itafula’ is an isiZulu word borrowed from an Afrikaans word ‘tafel’.
Khumbula!(Remember!)
Any noun that starts with ‘i’ their subject concord is zi ie. Uweta iyashesha.
namhlanje: today
kusasa: tomorrow
ngempela sonto: during the weekend
olwandle: at/to the beach
kulungile: it is fine
cabanga (think)
cela (request)
ncoma (praise)
cosha (pick up)
Uthi bewazi? (Did you know?)
Amagama abolekiwe afana nelithi ‘iposi’ (iposi) kanye nelithi ‘siyini’ (indawo yokudlela) athathwe kwezinye izilimi njengesiBhunu nesiNgisi. (Borrowed words such as ‘iposi’ (post office) and ‘siyini’ (restaurant) are borrowed from other languages such as Afrikaans and English.)
Uthi bewazi? (Did you know?)
‘Isitolo sokudlela’ means ‘restaurant’ in English. If the initial vowel changes to ‘e’, for example: ‘esitolo sokudlela’, the meaning changes completely. The meaning is now ‘in the restaurant’. (‘Isitolo sokudlela’ kusho ‘indawo yokudlela’ ngesiNgisi. Uma unkamisa wokuqala eshintsha abe ‘e’, isibonelo: ‘esitolo sokudlela’, incazelo ishintsha ngokuphelele. Incazelo manje ithi ‘esitolo sokudlela’.)
iqhawe- umuntu onesibindi
ukuba nesibindi- ukungesabi
ungumpheme- ungumvikeli
isiphethu- yilapho kuphuma khona amanzi emhlabathini
ukugobhoza- ukugeleza
inhliziyo emnene- inhliziyo enozwelo
frequency: the number of times an event occurs
tally: a mark used to keep count of the number of times something happens
Het jy geweet?
Seekoeie lyk baie groot en lomp. Hulle is gevaarliker as die groot vyf! Die groot vyf diere is die olifant, die leeu, die renoster, die buffel en die luiperd. Seekoeie kan vinnig hardloop met daardie lompe lyf en hulle tande kan ʼn mens lelik seermaak.
ʼn Seekoeibul is die manlike dier en seekoeikoei is die vroulike dier. Die dier staan bekend as ʼn seekoei en daarom kry dit ʼn -bul vir manlike en -koei vir vroulik by.
Did you know?
When you talk to your friends, always look them in the eye.
When you do a presentation, make eye contact with the audience to show them that you know that they are there.
Use your voice: speak up and pronounce the words clearly.
Take a deep breath before you start, inhaling and exhaling slowly.
Then take another breath and start, while smiling at your audience.
Do not fiddle, stand up tall but be relaxed.
Speak at an easy pace:
not too fast and not too slow.
